T
UITION
F
EES
.................................................................................................................................................. 92
Open and Free Courses ............................................................................................................................. 93
Both Free Courses and Tuition Courses.................................................................................................... 94
Same Price as Traditional Courses............................................................................................................ 94
Variable Prices and Discounts .................................................................................................................. 95
Tuition Fees per Credit .............................................................................................................................. 95
Tuition Fees per Course............................................................................................................................. 96
Tuition Fees per Semester.......................................................................................................................... 96
Tuition Fees per Degree or Certificate ...................................................................................................... 96
O
THER
F
INANCIAL
I
SSUES
............................................................................................................................... 97
CHAPTER 7. PEDAGOGICAL ISSUES IN ONLINE EDUCATION ......................................................... 98
C
OURSE
D
ESIGN AND
D
EVELOPMENT
.............................................................................................................. 98
O
NLINE
T
UTORING
.......................................................................................................................................... 98
Who Are the Tutors? .................................................................................................................................. 98
What Do the Tutors Do? ............................................................................................................................ 99
Human Tutoring vs. Machine Tutoring.................................................................................................... 100
Individual and Group Tutoring................................................................................................................ 101
Online and Offline Tutoring..................................................................................................................... 102
Asyncronous Tutoring.............................................................................................................................. 103
A
CCREDITATION OF
O
NLINE
C
OURSES
........................................................................................................... 104
A
SSESSMENT
................................................................................................................................................. 105
Summative Assessment............................................................................................................................. 106
Formative Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 106
Assessment Methods................................................................................................................................. 107
Combinations of Assessment Methods ..................................................................................................... 108
Tutor Assessment ..................................................................................................................................... 108
Self assessment ........................................................................................................................................ 110
Computer Assessment .............................................................................................................................. 110
Peer Assessment....................................................................................................................................... 111
No Assessment.......................................................................................................................................... 111
E
NROLLMENT AND
P
ROGRESS
F
LEXIBILITY
................................................................................................... 111
Group Enrollment and Progress.............................................................................................................. 112
One Institution, Two Models.................................................................................................................... 114
Individual Enrollment and Progress........................................................................................................ 114
CHAPTER 8. THE FUTURE OF ONLINE EDUCATION......................................................................... 116
M
ORE
W
EB
COURSES
.................................................................................................................................... 117
A
DDITIONAL
S
ERVICES
.................................................................................................................................. 117
B
ETTER
Q
UALITY
.......................................................................................................................................... 118
T
RAINING OF
T
EACHERS
................................................................................................................................ 118
C
OLLABORATION
........................................................................................................................................... 119
P
OLICY AND
O
RGANIZATION
.......................................................................................................................... 119
M
ISCELLANEOUS
........................................................................................................................................... 120
CHAPTER 9. BARRIERS TO SUCCESSFUL ONLINE EDUCATION ................................................... 122
F
INANCIAL
B
ARRIERS
.................................................................................................................................... 122
R
ESISTANCE TO
C
HANGE
............................................................................................................................... 122
B
ANDWIDTH
L
IMITATIONS
............................................................................................................................. 123
A
CCESS
L
IMITATIONS
.................................................................................................................................... 123
I
NSUFFICIENT
S
EARCH
F
ACILITIES AND
C
OPYRIGHT
I
SSUES
........................................................................... 124
B
ARRIERS TO
O
NLINE
A
SSESSMENT
.............................................................................................................. 124
CHAPTER 10. STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS TO ONLINE EDUCATORS AND POLICY
MAKERS ......................................................................................................................................................... 126
P
ROMOTE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION OF DEGREES
,
CERTIFICATES
,
CREDITS
,
AND GRADES
TO FACILITATE ONLINE MOBILITY OF STUDENTS
............................................................................................. 126
O
PPOSE NATIONAL REGULATIONS THAT INHIBITS INSTITUTIONS FROM CHARGING TUITION FEES
.................... 126
F
OCUS ON COST EFFECTIVE ONLINE EDUCATION
............................................................................................ 126
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