turization
The
rst
is
simply
to
adopt
a
smaller
more
in
tegrated
form
e g
in
analogy
to
the
optical
assem
bly
of
a
CD
pla
y
er
By
ha
ving
a
fully
in
tegrated
design
the
optical
path
can
b
e
colinear
They
can
also
b
e
made
in
suc
h
a
w
a
y
that
man
ual
alignmen
t
will
b
e
minimized
This
is
critical
in
fabricating
a
viable
pro
duct
It
is
also
imp
ortan
t
in
making
the
system
the
simplest
to
assem
ble
This
miniaturized
system
could
then
tak
e
adv
an
tage
of
smaller
scanners
suc
h
as
galv
onmeters
These
scanners
can
only
supp
ort
a
small
mirror
and
th
us
can
image
a
smaller
area
This
isn t
a
problem
if
the
mirror
is
closer
to
the
optics
and
the
optics
are
smaller e g
p
ossible
with
more
sensitiv
e
photonics
or
a
more
p
o
w
erful
laser
Suc
h
a
system
can
b
e
built
suc
h
that
ev
erything
ts
in
to
a
pac
k
age
the
size
of
a
camera
A
still
further
miniaturization
ma
y
b
e
p
ossible
at
the
c
hip
lev
el
This
could
p
erhaps
tak
e
form
of
a
MEMS
device ML
consisting
of
a
scanner
laserdio
de
and
photo
dio
de
This
system
could
also
in
terface
to
a
second
ASIC
that
could
con
tain
all
of
the
detection
and
driv
er
circuitry
An
installation
could
then
coun
ter
the
o
cclusion
problem
b
y
easily
in
tro
ducing
more
scanners
These
could
all
b
e
net
w
ork
ed
in
suc
h
a
w
a
y
that
y
ou
can
image
not
just
a
plane
but
an
en
tire
ro
om
As
the
optical
ap
ertures
are
m
uc
h
smaller
than
in
the
device
that
w
e
ha
v
e
built
no
w
the
laser
illumination
w
ould
ha
v
e
to
b
e
m
uc
h
brigh
ter
As
the
pulse
is
only
a
few
nanoseconds
long
in
a
time of igh
t
laser
range nder
this
could
b
e
attained
without
damaging
the
laserdio
de
or
harming
ey
esigh
t
the
a
v
erage
p
o
w
er
is
still
v
ery
lo
w
D
Scanning
three
dimensions
is
a
next
p
ossible
step
The
computer
graphics
industry
is
curren
tly
using
D
laser
range nders
to
scan
complicated
D
mo
dels PTR
These
systems
are
not
b
eing
used
for
real time
HCI
They
are
often
slo
w
and
ha
v
e
limited
ranges
as
they
are
mainly
triangulation
devices
As
the
comp
onen
ts
of
TOF
range nders
b
ecome
more
in
tegrated
and
c
heap
er
it
is
p
ossible
to
forsee
an
inexp
en
siv
e
v
ersion
that
pro
vides
the
abilit
y
to
scan
spaces
One
p
ossibilit
y
is
simply
to
x
the
optics
of
the
curren
t
system
suc
h
that
the
laser
is
colinear
with
the
sensor
as