2.2.3.3 What are the primary IP QoS Parameters? 

Generally, QoS parameters can be broken down into the following [3]. 

Latency

   The time between a node sending a message and receipt of the message by 

another node.  

Jitter

   An aberration that occurs when video or voice is transmitted over a network, 

and packets do not arrive at its destination in consecutive order or on a timely basis, 

i.e. they vary in latency.  

Bandwidth

   A measure of data transmission capacity, usually expressed in kilobits 

per second (Kbps) or megabits per second (Mbps). Bandwidth indicates the 

theoretical maximum capacity of a connection, but as the theoretical bandwidth is 

approached, negative factors such as transmission delay can cause deterioration in 

quality.  

Packet Loss

   Example: 1% or less on network wide monthly average packet loss. 

Availability

   Example: 99.9% premises to service provider. 

2.2.4 Application Level QoS 

Generally QoS is applied to applications that have specific constraints for bandwidth, jitter 

and delay. The techniques mentioned previously are able to address these issues. However 

application themselves can also benefit from QoS.  

As Internet usage grows it has become 

apparent that non isochronous applications such as delivering static and dynamically 

generated web pages can also benefit from QoS

E

. Clearly, there is little point in 

D

establishing network level QoS if the end application that is being accessed has no priority 

on which request to processes first. Some of the results that were discovered in this research 

are as follows: 

servers were currently a significant component in end to end delay

there are several trends that are increasing server latency time for sophisticated 

Internet applications including 

Flash crowds can overload a popular site leading to poor response times or even 

denial of service